Preheat your oven to 350F and spray a 12-cup Bundt pan with baking spray.
Make the filling: Take the drained dates and add them to the food processor, along with 1 tsp of vanilla, 1 tsp cinnamon, and 1/8 tsp kosher salt. Pulse the ingredients lightly while adding ¼ cup fresh orange juice a little at a time until the mixture is smooth. You may need to stop and scrape down the sides of the bowl to ensure all ingredients are incorporated. Set aside.
Make the cake batter: Whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, ½ tsp cinnamon, ½ tsp cardamom, and ¼ tsp salt in a large bowl.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk together 2/3 cup yogurt, brown sugar, oil, eggs, 1 tbsp orange zest, ½ cup juice, and 1 tsp vanilla.
Stir the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients using swift strokes until just combined. Do not overmix. You should have a light, spongy cake batter.
Set aside 1 ½ cups of the batter, then pour the remaining batter into the prepared Bundt pan. Drop spoonfuls of the date filling on top of the batter in the pan and spread evenly so the batter is mostly covered.
Sprinkle the chopped nuts over the filling so the date mixture is covered. Then drop spoonfuls of the reserved 1 ½ cups of batter over the nuts, like you did with the date filling, and spread the batter evenly so that the nuts are mostly covered.
Place your Budnt pan in the oven and bake at 350F for about 30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Cool the cake in the pan on a wire rack for 20 minutes, then run a butter knife lightly along the edges of the pan to loosen the cake. Invert the cake onto a cooling rack and let cool completely.